Deflecting system



Jan. 28, 1958' R. c. NEWHOUSE DEFLECTING SYSTEM Filed May 16, 1955 FIG. 2

FIG. I

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w VENTOR R. C. NEWHOUSE FIG. 3 1

A T TORNE Y United States Patent DEFLECTIN G SYSTEM Russell C. Newhouse, Short Hills, N. J., assignor to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application May 16, 1955, Serial No. 508,609

Claims. (Cl. 315-27) This invention relates to cathode ray tube deflecting systems, and particularly to an improved circuit for producing an electromagnetic deflecting field for a cathode ray tube.

In many cathode ray tube display systems the electron beam is cyclically deflected, or swept, across the screen of the tube at a uniform rate. The direction of the sweep may be always in a given direction, as horizontal or vertical, or may be radially from the center of the screen. In some such arrangements, the beam is also swept in an opposed direction across the screen at a different uniform rate. In television receivers, for example, the beam is swept horizontally across the screen 525 times for every 2 vertical sweeps, there being 15,750 horizontal sweeps and 60 vertical sweeps each second. In other arrangements the sweep in the opposing direction is variable in response to a non-linear variable quantity. I

A widely utilized method of producing such beam deflections is to establish an electromagnetic field per pendicular to both the direction of the beam and the direction in which it is desired to deflect it. If the field strength is increased at a uniform rate, the beam will likewise be deflected at a uniform rate. The maximum magnitude of the field determines the maximum deflection of the beam. Such a field is conveniently produced by a deflection coil supplied with a cyclic current having a sawtooth waveshape, the current in each cycle increasing at a uniform rate and then suddenly being reduced to a small or zero value. In arrangements where the beam is to be deflected in one direction in accordance witha non-linear variable quantity, the deflection coil may be supplied with a current which varies with time in the same manner as the variable quantity does relative to a chosen independent parameter.

In any such deflecting system the production of a perfectly focussed and undistorted image on the cathode ray tube screen would require that the electromagnetic field established by the coil be uniform in direction and strength over the entire cross-section of the electron beam and over the complete deflection angle. Also, the screen would need to be formed as a spherical surface concentric with the center of the deflecting field. Both these requirements are impracticable of full realization, the

latter because of the necessity that the screen be as 2,821,557 Patented Jan. 28, 1958 ice focussing and deflecting fields, asymmetry of magnetic material in the deflecting field, hysteresis and eddy current effects in such magnetic material, and field fringing beyond the confines of the coil.

In order to attain a higher degree of uniformity of deflecting fields resort has been made to deflecting coils having tapered windings, the turns of the winding being non-uniformly spaced. With the proper tapering it is possible to compensate to a considerable extent for the various factors tending to produce field distortion. However, since so many factors influence the configuration of the resultant field, the tapering must be experimentally determined for each individual cathode ray tube. Preassembled coils having a particular taper will not generally prove satisfactory for difierent types of cathode ray tubes, or even for different tubes of the same type.

In addition to the field distortion problem, the design of electromagnetic deflecting systems is complicated by the maximum voltage and current handling ability of the amplifier which energizes the deflecting coil. These factors are most apparent in uniform rate deflection cirnearly fiat as possible for ease of viewing and to facilitate making measurements directly on it. The obstacles to attainment of a truly uniform deflecting field are many. One is that due to the curvature of the flux lines produced by a symmetrically wound deflecting coil the lines intersect the axis of the coil at right angles while at points above and below the axis they are slanted relative to the axial direction. Since the electron beam is centered on the coil axis and has a definite cross section, electrons on the axis are deflected more than those above and below. A beam cross-section originally round is thereby flattened into an oval. Other causes of field distortion include oscillations produced by the distributed capacitance of the deflecting coil, interaction between the have a true sawtooth waveshape.

the deflection coil.

cuits, wherein a generator of a sweep voltage having a sawtooth waveshape feeds an amplifier which supplies current to the deflecting coil. If the cathode ray beam is to move uniformly across the screen the current must This is often achieved by using an amplifier having a large output resistive impedance in comparison to the inductive impedance of Also, in order to prevent oscillation at the sweep repetition frequency it is necessary to keep the distributed capacitance of the coil to a minimum.

This means that the number of coil turns must be kept as low as possible consistent with attainment of the required number of ampere-turns for the desired deflection sensitivity. The consequence is a need for large coil currents, and so a large output current from the amplifier. The realization of both large output current and large output resistance is restricted by the maximum operating voltage of the amplifier output tube. Hence it is not uncommon for coil driving amplifiers to have several tubes connected in parallel to deliver the requisite coil current. Such an arrangement is expensive, inefficient in power consumption, takes up much space, and generates an undesirable amount of heat.

In order to permit use of a single tube driving amplifier while still providing a desired deflection sensitivity, a compromise of the foregoing requirements can be made by increasing the number of coil turns. The consequent increase in coil inductance is undesirable because of the deflection linearity considerations described above. However, even if a degree of non-linearity is tolerable, the

increased inductance will result in a large inductive transient voltage across the coil at the end of each cycle of the sawtooth current through it. Since this voltage is applied to the driving amplifier, the maximum voltage that the tube can stand without damage sets a limit on the tolerable inductance of the deflecting coil. In addition, the larger the coil inductance the larger will be the reverse transient voltage across the usual diode leak circuit connected across the coil to increase the speed of coil current decrement after each sweep cycle. The maximum reverse voltage that the diode circuit can stand without damage is therefore another factor contributing to limit the tolerable inductance of the deflecting coil.

These considerations make it evident that the design of deflecting systems is presently a matter of considerable difliculty. Either too few or too many coil turns will result in failure of the deflection circuit to operate properly.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved electromagnetic deflection system for cathode ray tubes.

A further object is to provide a cathode ray tube des A further object is to provide a cathode ray tube de-- flection circuit which does not produce large inductive transient voltages in the deflecting coil.

According to the invention the deflecting :coilhof a cathode ray tube is arranged as several-electrically =separate coil sections, each driven byits ownarnplifier; All.

the amplifiers are fed fromacomnion source of :assawtooth deflecting signal voltage or current .throughsindividual signal dividing means whichxpermit: variationwof the relative magnitudesof the voltages or currents'tape plied to the amplifiers.- The coil deflection sensitivity depends on the total ampereturnaso for a given sensitivity the only requirement is that' -the total amperedurns of all coil section's remain constant. The current -"supplied to each section, or-the number-of turns v: of :each

section; or" both can therefore be'much less than 'the' current and turns requirements'of a single composite 'de fleeting-coil. Since the inductance ofa coil is spropor tional to the square of the number of its turns;the-1reduced number of tur ns -of each coil section means that the inductive transient voltage produced by eachi section' after each-cycle of the --sawtooth current will belowen than wouldbe produced by a com osite deflecting coil... The reduced turns persection additionally resultszin 1a:-

much lower stray "capacitance per section, thereby avoiding-o'scillation at even very high sweep repetition rates. By adjusting either the relative proportions of the defleeting signal applied to the amplifiers or the "relative gains of theaniplifiers the relative currents in the coil sections can be set as desired. Hence the ampere turns of the sectionscan be adjusted to produce a halo distribution which results'in'a constant electron beam crosssection and focus as the beam is deflectedacross' the entire face of the tube screen. Alternatively, each coil section may have different numbers of turns, all being driven by the same o'r dilferent currents. Since each.

section can be linearly 'wound,-such an arrangement will provide a tapered field-with standard coils.

A particular feature of the invention resides .in the use of transistor rather-"than va'cuumtube amplifiers for driving the coils. The pr'ac'ticability of'transistors as driv ing am lifiers isa resultof the fact th'at-e'ach coil section.

only requires a small fraction of the'currenrwhich a composite deflecting-coil would necessitate.

of the embodiment or theiinventiona s shown in 2.

Referring to Fig. l, a sweep signal source 11- provides a current or voltage for defiectirr the beam o'f a cathode ray tube across the tube screen. Since a lineardeflection system will serve to illustrate "the operation of theinventien, "the 'si'gnal'i's assunredto have the iiirear The low power requirements of transistors complements the low current requirements of the coil sections-since the .use of a vacuum tube am lifier to-drive 'ea'chcoil-section 411' sawtooth waveshape indicated in block 1 as a plot of current...(i,) against..time (t.)..,. The deflecting .signal .is applied to a deflecting coil made up of parallel connected coil sections S1, S2, S3, Sn by way of individual amplifiers A1, A2, A3, An, respectively. Although these coil sections are separately driven they may be, and conveniently are, assembled on the yoke of a cathode ray tube in the same manner as a single coil. Any conventional type of .coil lassernbly may the :used, a variety being described in the text. Cathode Ray. Tube Displays,,

M. 1. Fl.- RadiationLaboratory Series, 1st "Edition, 1948,-

McGraw-Hill' Co., 'Inc., jongpages. 316-337. Amplifiers A1, A2, An are of any type which will produce an output current having-the same waveshape aszthe signal applied to their input terminals, so..that at the output of each is produced a current having a linear sawtooth waveshape. The amplifiers are adjusted so that the relative magnitudes of their respective output currents pro duce desired..relativennumbers of ampere-turns .of the various coil sections. This adjustment. maybe :made by altering, the 1 relative :gains .of the -.amplifie.rs -by conventional means. Since all amplifiers are fed from a:.sing le source, the-=output currents, are. of .the same frequency and. .of fixed] relative .;.phases. numbersof EII'HPCI'BiUIl'lStthC coilsectionsswill collectively produce a resultant deflecting field-which .causes .thespot onxthe. screen on the-cathode ray -tube.to move with constantfocusandcross-sectionacrossthe width. of the screen, resulting;inla'deflectionline;of, constant focus andv width.

Fig. 2 .showsa rrnodificationrof the arrangement in Fig. 1, wherein amplifiers ;A1,. A2, An are :connected to source :1 through individual [signal dividing :means. V1, V2, Vn; respectively;v These may be transformers.

otentiometers, attenuators, .orany other device capable.

ofgproducingzat itsnoutput terminals ;a current or voltage whiclris. a desiredfraction of the-current or voltage applied ,to its .input terminals Here again, the. output currents of Lthedividing means areof the same frequency andof-fixed relative phasessince they, arewall derived froma common source. With this arrangement all the amplifiersmay-havethc:same gain. and may, conveniently,

ofIFig. 2. Here; all amplifibation isobtained by the use:- of-=transistor. circuitsato obtain the particular advantages of transistors referredito above It will be understood; however, :thatfif desired one-or more of the' transsistor stages may lac-replaced shy equivalent vacuum tube amplifiers; In thedrawing .all polarities are indicated on the :ibasisrthat all *transistorsiare either n+p-n junction type of p-type point contact transistors. 'It will be-obvious-to those skilleddn the art that with minor modifica'tions, including reversaliof-batterypolarities, the described'fcircuitfwould be equallyv effective if .p-n-p junction type' orxn-"typexpoint contact transistors weresubsti'tuted for anyt-orall of the n-p-n transistors. The emitter lead of each transistor is designated with an arrowpointing in the directionof current'flow.

i't hrrrent suppliedr'byrsouroe. it is applied to the base of atr ansistorfirconrrected:as a grounded emitter amplifier; Emitter cnrreut 'biasisprovided by connecting the emitter' viall'ead 4, .rheostatx5, and the brush of potenti- 01118151 "61101.9. 50111'06'7 of negative ,potential with respect to groundt. Potentiometerfi is pzu't-of aifeedback arrangementtobedescribed: hereinafter. The collector of transistor 311's biased by connection: to source 9 of posiiiVe-apotential,.relativezto ground through series-connected resi'stors- I1- and 13'. Resistors 1:1 and 13 serve asw'thb output load for transistor '32 Resistor '13 is by- With .the' proper relative.

of all may be connected directly to terminal 33.

passed to ground by a capacitor 15, so that at high frequencies it is virtually short-circuited. At low frequencies however, where the amplifier response otherwise tends to drop, the increased impedance of capacitor results in an increase of the effective load of transistor 3. The low frequency response is thereby materially improved. A further advantage of the combination of resistor 13 and condenser 5 is that they serve as a wellknown temperature stabilizing circuit which reduces variation of the collector operating characteristics with temperature. The base of transistor 3 is connected to ground by way of resistor 17, lead 18 and grounded potentiometer 19. Potentiometer 19 is part of a second feedback arrangement described hereinafter.

The collector of transistor 3 is connected through a coupling capacitor to the base of a transistor 20 which is also connected as a grounded emitter amplifier. The base of transistor 20 is returned to ground by a resistor 21. The emitter is biased negatively with respect to ground by connection to D.-C. source 23. The collector is biased positively with respect to ground by connection to source through series connected load resistors 27 and 29. The latter resistor in conjunction with its grounded bypass condenser 31 serves to improve the low frequency response and temperature stabilization of transistor 20, as described above with reference to transistor 3. The collector is also connected through a blocking condenser to output terminal 33.

In this circuit configuration transistors 3 and 20 constitute a two stage cascade amplifier, supplying to terminal 33 a current which is an amplified replica of the output current of source 1. Connected between terminal 33 and ground is a current dividing means comprising, in series, potentiometer 35, potentiometer 37, resistor 39 and resistor 41. The junction of resistors 39 and 41 is connected through a resistor 43 to a source 45 of positive potential with respect to ground. This junction point is also connected to terminal 33 by a diode 4-7 poled to permit conduction toward terminal 33. Diode 47 serves to clamp the level of direct current at terminal 33 to a minimum positive value set by source 45 and resistors 41 and 43. This stabilizes the direct current entering terminal 33 during the intervals between successive cycles of the sawtooth current produced by source 1, in order to maintain the correct current bias conditions for succeeding transistor amplifier stages connected to that terminal as now to be described.

Connected in parallel to terminal 33 are the bases of a pair of transistors 49 and 51. Connected in parallel to the brush of potentiometer 35 are the bases of two transistors 53 and 55; and connected in parallel to the brush of potentiometer 37 are the bases of two more transistors 57 and 59. These transistors are preferably identical, and are connected as grounded emitter amplifiers. They serve as individual driving amplifiers for the sections S1, S6, S2, S5, S3 and S4 respectively, of deflecting coil 5. The emitters of these transistors are connected together and through a rheostat 60 to the terminal of potentiometer 6, being biased by source 7 in the same manner as transistor 3 described above. It is therefore evident that most of the current at terminal 33 is applied to transistors 49 and 51, a definite proportion of that current is applied to transistors 53 and 55, and a smaller proportion of it is applied to transistors 57 and 59. By adjusting the brush settings of potentiorneters 35 and 37 the relative proportions of these currents can be set as desired. If it should bedesired to apply equal currents to all of these transistors, the bases Resistor 39 serves to prevent by-passing transistors 57 and 59 completely when the brush of potentiometer 37 is moved to its lowest position. The collectors of the several transistors are connected through their associated deflection coil sections, respectively, to a lead 61 which is connected through a resistor 63 tov theterrninal of 6 positive D.-C. source 45. Shunting each of coil sections S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6, respectively, are diodes 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, and 75. Each diode is poled so as to prevent flow through it of collector current in the normal direction, which for an n-p-n junction transistor is from source 45 toward the collector.

The signal applied to the bases of transistors 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, and 59 will be a linear sawtooth current of the same waveshape as the current supplied by source 1. As indicated above, for linear deflection of an electron beam it is necessary that the currents supplied to the various coil sections have a linear sawtooth waveshape. Hence the collector currents must have such a waveshape. For the purpose of utilizing the sawtooth base currents to produce currents of accurately linear sawtooth waveshape at the collectors there is degeneratively fed back to the base of each of these transistors a current having the same waveshape as the collector current. Any difference between the input current applied to the base and the feedback current applied to the base will result in a net correcting current to which the transistor will respond to reduce it to Zero. The collector current will therefore be forced to have a waveshape identical with that of the sawtooth input current.

In Fig. 3, resistor 63 serves as the collector current feedback resistor for all of the transistor driving amplifiers. The current flowing in resistor 63 is the total of the collector currents. Since all the transistors are the same, and are connected similarly, their collector currents will have the same waveshape even though the relative ampli tudes may differ. Consequently, the total current in resistor 63, and therefore the voltage across it, will have the same waveshape as the collector current of any of these transistors. This voltage appears across potentiometer 19, and a portion of it determined by the setting of the brush of potentiometer 19 provides feedback current to the base of transistor 3 in a path through lead 18 and resistor 17. The feedback is degenerative because an increase in the current flowing into the base of any of the transistors produces a decrease in the current flowing into the base of the succeeding cascaded transistor. While this is not necessarily true for point contact transistors, it can be made the case by using sufliciently large load resistors. Accordingly, an increase in the collector currents of the driving transistors tends to reduce the base current of transistor 3. This tends to increase the base current of transistor 20, and in turn to decrease the base currents of the driving transistors. This result tends to prevent the initial increase of the collector currents of the driving transistors, thereby achieving the desired correcting effect.

Since the collector current of a transistor constitutes the major portion of the emitter current, the emitter currents of coil driving transistors 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, and 59 have a waveshape approximating the waveshape of the collector currents. These emitter currents produce a voltage drop across potentiometer 6, thereby changing the voltage at the brush. Since the brush voltage constitutes the effective bias voltage for transistor 3, this circuit constitutes another feedback loop between the driving transistors and transistor 3. Rheostat 5 inserts suflicient resistance in series with the voltage at the brush of potentiometer 6 so the current applied to the emitter of transistor 3 will be independent of changes in the emitter impedance. Rheosat 60 serves the same function for the coil driving transistors. There are two phase reversals between the collector of transistor 3 and the collectors of the coil driving transistors. Consequently the collector currents, and therefore the emitter currents, of transistor 3 and the driving transistors are in phase. An increase in the emitter current of transistor 3 is accompanied by an increase in the emitter currents of all the driving transistors, and so by a great increase of the current in potentiometer 6; This tends to reduce the effective bias voltage applied to the emitter of transistor 3, and therefore the,

biascurrent. Hence this feedback loop is degenerative. Byva'rying't'hesettingsjof rheostatiS and potentiometer '19, the two"feedbacky loops can be adjusted; over w-idellim'its to achieve the :best possible overall linearity .ofthesawtooth current in the deflection coil, sections.

"Coil sections S1 and S6 will carry most of the. current supplied to terminal 33, coil sec't'ions'SZ and SS will carry somewhat "less current, and coil sections 183 andSZl will carry the "least current. This results in av tapered deflecting coil which produces a resultantdeflecting field .or minimum divergence from thecoil axis and therefore of substantially uniform strength and' direction. As described 'above,3the degree of tapering can readily beadjusted as desired by manipulation ,of ,potentiomejtersBS and37.

An evident modification o'fFig. 3 would be to connect the bases of the '6 output transistors in multiple to terminal 33,.Iesu'lting in equal collector currents, and to ,use fewer coil turns .for coil .se'ctions S2 and S than forsectionsSil and'S'G, and fewer turns for sections S3 and "S4 than for and '55. Each coil section can, of course, be linearly wound. This modification will result in a tapered 'field .wi'th .un'iformly Wound coils. .Itfis also evidentth'at'if 'd'eflectionfield tapering is not desired, equal numbers of coil section turns may be used.

The factors. determining the number o'fdeflec'tion coil sections to be u's'ediarethefield tapering desired and the peak-permissible collector voltage and currentratings of the transistors connected to the coil sections. Increasing the number of sections will "reduce :the requisite current per -section, enabling use of transistors having relatively lowmaximumratings.

The embodiment "o'fthe invention disclosed in Fig. 3 provides 'a uniform deflection of the electron beam in a constant direction. 'The direction will be dependent on the orientation of coil S relative to. 'the electron beam when mounted on a 'cathode'ray tube, according to principles of beam deflection well known in .the .art. jItis evident'that if it should be 'desireditohave anon-uniform beam deflection it would only 'be necessary .to replace s'ignalsource '1 by a source producing a zcurrent'having a waveform corresponding to the desired type o'fdeflection. For example, 'a'step waveform current would result in a succession of rapid deflections :ofithe electron beam over short distances in the "same direction, interspersed with intervals'duringwhich 'thefb'eam remains in the same position relativeto that direction. It is further evident that although the -invention has been described with reference to deflection of .an electron beam along only one -rectilinear coordinate axis, .more than one of the described embodiments may be used simultaneously to produce deflection of the electron beam of a cathode ray tube simultaneouslyalongmore than. one rectilinear axis of the tube.

What is claimedis:

"1. In a'system for-deflecting lhe lectron'beam of a cathode ray 'tube'along each of a plurality of rectilinear coordinate axes in response to a particular deflecting signal for each of said axes, the combination of aplurality of'ampli fiersior each of said axes, .aplurality of fdeflection coils respectively *connected'to said amplifiers, the coils :connected to the amplifiers .for any one of said .axcs being adapted to collectively establish an electromagnetic fie'ldfor deflecting said electron beam along that one axis, and means'for respectively applying each one off said deflecting signals to all of the amplifiersfor, the. corresponding one of said. axes.

2. 'In a systemior deflec'ting."thc electron beam of a cathode ray tube along one rectilinear coordinate axis in response'to a deflecting signal, the combination of a plurality of deflection coils adapted 'tocollective'ly establish an electromagnetic field for 'dflecting .sai'cLlect-ron beam along said one. coordinateiaxis, .aplurality 6f defleeting signal ramplifiers respectively connected 'to said coils,'artd means for "applying :said deflecting signal to a llofsaid amplifiers.

3.. In ,a system f or deflecting the .electmn b am 9i .3 cathode .raytubefllq lg one rectilinear coordinate aegis inc-spouse. toaafleflectiu sig al, the corn inationrofu pluralityof eflectionils. dapts o co. velye ia lis'h tan. electromagnetic-field ,for deflectingsaid electron be m along .sa'idonecoordinate .aXi .a plural y of flecting signal amplifiers respectively connected to said coils, signal ,div'idingmeflnsjhaving a plurality .of output terminalsrespectively connected .to said, amplifiers, and means for applying .said deflecting signal tosaid signal dividingmcans, said signal dividiDgmeans being adapted to produce preselected proportions of saiddefiectingvsigml ,at .eachoflitsoutputterminals.

4. In a system .fordefleetingthe electron beam of a cathode ray tube .in .responsetoa deflecting signal, the combination of .a plurality of deflectingsignal amplifiers, a pluralit-yof deflection coils respectively connected to said amplifiers and adapted to collectively establish an electromagnetic field for deflecting said electron beam, said .ooils having diiferent relative numbers of turns, and means for applying said deflecting signal .to all of said amplifiers-in parallel.

.5. :In a system for deflecting jthe. .electrontbeam of a cathodeqray tube (in Iesponsesto -a deflecting signal, the combinationnf :a plurality of deflection :coils adapted. to collectively establish ;an. :electroma gnetic .fleld :for deflecting .said -electrzonlbeam,saidcoils Zhaving differing relative numbers of turns, a plurality of deflecting signal :amplitiers respectively- :connected to saidcoils, 'signal idividing means, and means for applying --s,aid-deflecting signal to said signal dividing means, said signal dividing means having a-plur'a-lity of output terminals respectively connectedto said-amplifiers-atwhich it is adapted to produce preselected-proportions of-said deflecting signal.

-6.' 'In a system for deflecting the electron beam of a cathode ray tube "in response 'toa deflecting signal, the combination of a plurality of deflection coils adapted to collectively establish an electromagneticfield -for deflect ing said electron beam, signal.dividing.means,,.means for applying .said deflecting signal .to-said signal dividing means, said signal dividing meanshaving aplurality of output terminals .at which it is adapted .toproduce preselected proportions .of said. deflecting signal, .andmeans respectively connecting said -.coil s with said ,output terminals.

7. In a system fordeflectinathe 'electron'beam of a cathode ,ray tube :in response to -a deflecting current, a plurality of coils .constructedand arranged tocollectively produce an .electromagneticfleld which, interacts with said electron beam to deflect, it, ;a plurality ,of transistor amplificrsarespectiarely. connected to .said coils, and means for .applying-saidideflecting.current to .each of said amplifiers, said amplifiers being adapted to supply .said coils with currents of gpreselectedrelative magnitudes, the relative.number of turnsl o'f-ssaid coils and the relative-magni-v tudes .of Ithe coil vcurrents being :proportioned :so as :to provide a predetermined distribution-of :coiLarnpere-turns for establishingsaidelectromagnetic field.

-8. In 'asystem for *d'efiecting the electron beam of a cathode my tube 'irrresponse to a deflecting'current, a plurality o'f-coils "constructed and arranged to collectively produce an electromagneticfield which interacts-with said electron beam to-doflect it, a plurality of transistor amplifiers respectively connectedto "said coils, current dividing mean-s, means-for applying said deflecting current to said'current -dividing means, said current dividing means having plurality of outputterminals respectively connected'jto sa'idtransistor amplifiers at which'it'is adapted toproduce preslected'proportions of-said deflecting current for actuating .said .arnplifiers, said amplifiers be ng adapted ,to supplyr said .coils with. currents of .relatiue magnitudes dependent on therelative proportionsof said deflecting current at each o'fisaid output terminals.

' 9. An electromagnetic deflecting system'for a cathode ray tube, comprising a deflecting coil divided into a plurality of electrically separate sections, a plurality of transistor amplifiers having input and output terminals, said amplifiers being respectively connected at their output terminals to said coil sections to supply them with deflecting current, current dividing means having input terminals and a plurality of output terminals, said amplifiers being further respectively connected at their input terminals to the output terminals of said current dividing means, an additional transistor amplifier, said current dividing means being connected at its input terminals to said additional amplifier, and means connected to said coil sections for degeneratively feeding back to said additional amplifier a current having substantially the same Waveshape as the total deflecting current of all said coil sections.

10. An electromagnetic deflecting system for a cathode ray tube, comprising a deflecting coil divided into a plurality of electrically separate sections, a plurality of transistor amplifiers having input and output terminals, said amplifiers being respectively connected at their output terminals to said coil sections to supply them with deflecting current, current dividing means having input terminals and a plurality of output terminals, said amplifiers being further respectively connected at their input terminals to the output terminals of said current dividing means, an additional transistor amplifier, said current dividing means being connected at its input terminals to said additional amplifier, means connected to said coil sections for degeneratively feeding back to said additional amplifier a current having substantially the same waveshape as the total deflecting current in all of said coil sections, and further means connected to said amplifiers for degeneratively feeding back to said additional amplifier a further current having substantially the same waveshape as the total deflecting current in all of said coil sections.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,093,157 Nakashima et al Sept. 14, 1937 2,305,930 Martinelli Dec. 22, 1942 2,314,409 Knoop Mar. 23, 1943 2,606,304 Moore Aug. 5, 1952 2,660,691 Bertram Nov. 24, 1953 2,731,567 Sziklai et a1. Ian. 17, 1956 

